6 had been converted to less polluting fuel by the end of 2015. New York made the phase out of these fuel grades part of its environmental plan, PlaNYC, because of concerns for the health effects caused by fine particulates, and all buildings using fuel oil No. 6 were responsible for 86% of the soot pollution generated by all buildings in the city. In 2011 New York City estimated that the 1% of its buildings that burned fuel oils No. Some industrial boilers still use it and so do some old buildings, including in New York City. Locomotives, however, have become powered by diesel or electric power steamships are not as common as they were previously due to their higher operating costs (most LNG carriers use steam plants, as "boil-off" gas emitted from the cargo can be used as a fuel source) and most boilers now use heating oil or natural gas. It powered boilers, railroad steam locomotives, and steamships. Use of residual fuel oil was more common in the past. However, power plants and large ships are able to use residual fuel oil. Heating the oil is also a delicate procedure, which is impractical on small, fast moving vehicles. Since it requires heating before use, residual fuel oil cannot be used in road vehicles, boats or small ships, as the heating equipment takes up valuable space and makes the vehicle heavier. In fact, it is the cheapest liquid fuel available. However, its undesirable properties make it very cheap. Residual fuel oil is less useful because it is so viscous that it has to be heated with a special heating system before use and it may contain relatively high amounts of pollutants, particularly sulfur, which forms sulfur dioxide upon combustion. Heavier petroleum derived oils like diesel fuel and lubricating oil are much less volatile and distill out more slowly.įuel oil truck making a delivery in North Carolina, 1945 Small molecules, such as those in propane, naphtha, gasoline, and kerosene, have relatively low boiling points, and are removed at the start of the fractional distillation process. In a stricter sense, fuel oil refers only to the heaviest commercial fuels that crude oil can yield, that is, those fuels heavier than gasoline (petrol) and naphtha.įuel oil consists of long-chain hydrocarbons, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. However, it does not usually include other liquid oils, such as those with a flash point of approximately 42 ☌ (108 ☏), or oils burned in cotton- or wool-wick burners. The term fuel oil generally includes any liquid fuel that is burned in a furnace or boiler to generate heat ( heating oils), or used in an engine to generate power (as motor fuels). Fuel oils include heavy fuel oil, marine fuel, bunker fuel, furnace oil, gas oil ( gasoil), heating oils (such as home heating oil), diesel fuel and others. Such oils include distillates (the lighter fractions) and residues (the heavier fractions).
An oil tanker taking on fuel, or " bunkering"įuel oil is any of various fractions obtained from the distillation of petroleum (crude oil).
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